Aim of the study was to characterize regional hippocampal volumetric alterations in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and to estimate correlations with MRI measures of inflammation and hippocampal disconnection. Brain T2 and T1 lesions and hippocampi were manually segmented; major hippocampal connections were reconstructed with tractography. Compared to healthy controls, NMOSD patients showed mild atrophy, whereas MS patients had diffuse hippocampal atrophy. Dentate gyrus hypertrophy and correlations between hippocampal volume abnormalities and damage of hippocampal anatomical connections was found in MS only, suggesting that other factors than inflammation, contribute to the hypertrophy process.
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