Hyperpolarized [1-13C] glycerate was used to study the in vivo glycolytic activity in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Carbon-13 labeled glycolytic intermediate phosphorenolpyruvate (PEP) was detected in the tumor in addition to pyruvate and lactate peaks. The in vivo results were confirmed by high resolution 13C NMR spectra of tissue extracts, after steady-state infusion of [2,3-13C2] glycerate. The results illustrate the potential of [1-13C] glycerate as a metabolic probe for assessing glycolytic flux.
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