Pathology studies report myelin damage as a salient feature in cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Currently, the role of myelin content in-vivo on cognition is poorly understood. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the association between myelin content and cognitive function in cSVD. Normal appearing white matter (NAWM) myelin water fraction (MWF) was quantified in 55 people with cSVD with spin-echo myelin water imaging. After accounting for age, education, and white matter hyperintensity volume, lower NAWM MWF was significantly associated with slower processing speed and poorer working memory, but not with set shifting or inhibitory control.
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