Identification of immediate microstructural changes following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) could shed light on the pathophysiology of second impact syndrome. The purpose of this study was to apply Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) to a preclinical model of repetitive mTBI. In the corpus callosum, neurite density index (NDI) showed a significant increase within two hours following both the first and second injury, while orientation dispersion index (ODI) showed an increase after the first injury only. These results suggest an early microstructural response to repetitive mTBI which may follow a dose-dependent like response.
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