Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) has been the recommended ASL method for brain, and one of the two methods for kidneys. However, the reliability of labeling efficiency of pCASL is a major concern, especially in renal imaging due to the increased B0 inhomogeneities. In this study, we implemented and evaluated the optimized unbalanced pCASL gradient scheme generated by numerical simulation with both perfusion phantom and 4 healthy volunteers. The results showed that this optimized unbalanced pCASL gradient scheme was more robust to off-resonance than the corresponding balanced pCASL gradient scheme.
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