Transcriptome, the set of gene expression, is spatiotemporally heterogeneous across brain development. Under its regulation, dramatic changes in brain connectivity estimated through diffusion MRI is observed in early childhood. However, the association between the macroscopic structural connectome and microscopic transcriptome across early postnatal years is not clear. Here, we revealed this dynamic association between structural connectome and gene expression from a large cohort of 200 neonates and children through the 3rd trimester and early childhood. The changes of associated genes’ enrichment in cell types and biological processes across different ages shed light into the dynamic transcriptomic roles in connectome development.
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