While small hippocampal volume is a prevalent neurostructural abnormality in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), whether hippocampal atrophy is a reversible alteration or a permanent trait is unclear. This study examined a volume change among hippocampal subfields due to positive emotion training with left amygdala (LA) fMRI neurofeedback (LA-NF) in PTSD participants. A significant volume increase was seen in the left CA1-head region after the training. This indicates that the small hippocampus in PTSD is a reversible alteration in a part of the subfields and that positive emotion training with LA-NF could induce a hippocampal volume recovery.
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