While it is known that breastfeeding promotes healthy brain development in children, the comparative effects of formulas feeding substantially differing in composition (i.e., milk-based vs. soy-based) on brain development are unclear. In this study, we recruited healthy 8-year-old children who were predominately breastfed, cow’s milk formula fed, or soy-based formula fed during infancy, and evaluated their brain cortical development using MRI. We also assessed their executive functions using parental-reported Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) assessment. Differences in cortical thickness in multiple brain regions and differences in BRIEF scores were both observed for children in different infant diet groups.
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