Fiber orientation distributions (FODs) of white matter (WM) are commonly estimated from brain diffusion MRI data with spherical deconvolution (SD) approaches. Typically, only WM is considered to be anisotropic in SD, relying on suboptimal isotropic modeling of grey matter (GM). Here we present a general framework to reconstruct multiple anisotropic FODs (mFODs) from multiple response functions, allowing for the investigation of anisotropy in GM. The estimated mFODs were evaluated on a dataset from the HCP project with five response functions generated with the diffusion kurtosis and NODDI approaches, and their performances compared to state-of-the-art SD approaches.
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