Current approaches to axonal size estimation by diffusion MRI assume a single fiber bundle, which limits its application to a few white matter tracts in the healthy human brain. We introduce a new approach to per-voxel axon diameter and volume fraction estimation inspired by the spherical mean framework that is robust to fiber crossings and orientation dispersion. We use this technique to estimate whole brain axon diameter and volume fraction in 6 healthy subjects scanned on the 3T Connectome scanner and demonstrate the utility of this approach to characterize white matter pathology in a patient with multiple sclerosis.
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