MDD is characterized by disturbances in mood and cognitive functions; however, the pathophysiological mechanism of MDD is incompletely understood. Using the largest resting-state fMRI MDD dataset in China with 1,434 participants, we revealed significant lower functional coordination in the orbitofrontal and primary sensorimotor and visual cortices and higher coordination in the lateral/medial frontoparietal cortices in MDD. These abnormalities were not affected by medication status but were partially influenced by episode number and onset age in patients. These findings provide solid evidence for functional brain disturbances and crucial insights into neuroimaging-based methods for early diagnosis and therapeutic optimization in MDD.
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