The lung clearance index, measured using N2 multiple breath washout (MBW), provides an indicator of ventilation heterogeneity but lacks regional information. The combination of MBW and hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI can potentially provide measurements of ventilation heterogeneity that include both spatial and temporal information. MBW imaging was performed following an initial 129Xe inhalation and during multiple breath-holds of room air to measure the 129Xe washout. Fractional ventilation and coefficient of variation maps measured in pediatric cystic fibrosis participants show elevated ventilation heterogeneity compared to age-matched healthy controls.
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