The MRS-detected total choline (tCho) signal is a promising non-invasive surrogate marker of chemotherapy response in breast cancer patients. The molecular mechanisms by which common chemotherapeutic drugs affect the tCho signal, consisting of glycerophosphocholine (GPC), phosphocholine (PC), and free choline (Cho), are unknown. We have employed widely used cancer chemotherapeutic drugs including doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and vinorelbine to treat triple-negative human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells to elucidate their molecular effects on choline phospholipid metabolism using high-resolution 1H MRS to detect changes in cellular choline metabolite profiles, and quantitative RT-PCR to assess the corresponding changes in the expression levels of choline-metabolizing enzymes.
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