A pannus formation is a growth of abnormal tissues around the heart valve, which is often found in patients whom underwent heart valve replacement surgery. Significant hemodynamic changes caused by the formation of the pannus may contribute to the failure of the valves even without direct contact to the leaflets. In current study, flow in the sinus if Valsalva under subvalvular pannus formation was analyzed using in vitro phantom and 4D flow MRI. Symmetric pannus causes imperfect opening the valve, which might lead to the heart failure.
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