This study introduces a novel diffusion MRI streamlines tractography framework called mesh-based anatomically-constrained tractography (MACT) that incorporates high-resolution surface models of various brain tissues as more accurate anatomical constraints in the fibre-tracking process. By detecting intersections between streamlines and tissue surfaces, MACT can effectively provide meaningful track terminations and inter-areal connections by associating streamlines with the structural labels of the intersected surfaces. This therefore minimises uncertainties caused by heuristic mechanisms of assigning streamlines to labelled structures in common image-based approaches. Methods that investigate the tractogram-based structural connectivity should benefit from the improved connectome reconstruction using the proposed technique.
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