Differences in REHO across groups may not be indicative of differences in neuronal activity. In this study, we investigate physiological contributions to REHO across 412 subjects in 9 separate datasets downloaded from OpenNeuro. Overall, we find the following: Inverse correlation between heartrate and REHO across subjects, inverse correlation between respiration and REHO across time, and differences in REHO across groups is driven primarily by FWHM of data and motion. We conclude that, due to REHO’s highly significant correlation with motion, heartrate, and respiration, REHO should be used with caution to infer differences in neuronal activity across groups.
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