In this study, we investigated both phosphocreatine (PCr) and Pi as biomarkers of ATP resynthesis after exercise. We developed an efficient 1-min protocol of modest exercise, suitable for subjects in a wide range of age (from 20s to 80s), to generate sufficient large (~50%) PCr depletion and minimal pH drop (< 0.1) for quantitative measurement of ATP metabolism. We compared the rate constant for ATP production measured by Pi-based direct ATP synthase reaction (Pi + ADP → ATP) to PCr-based indirect CK-mediated reaction (ATP + Cr ↔ PCr + ADP), in the elderly population (aged 73±5 years).
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