How the exact interaction between excitatory and inhibitory neurons shapes the fMRI BOLD response is currently not well understood. As such, this often hinders any precise conclusions about the causal involvement of a brain area during a specific task. Here we show a demonstration of stimulus-dependent excitatory and inhibitory processing that could explain previously reported observations in BOLD polarity (Niranjan et al., 2016). We show evidence that the activity of Somatostatin+ interneurons is related to a negative inflection in the BOLD signal even when there is a simultaneous increase in local excitatory activation.
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