Real-time monitoring of enzymatic conversion of [1-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate and [1-13C]bicarbonate in the brain can be performed using dynamic hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging. However, signal-to-noise ratios of bicarbonate are significantly lower than lactate and pyruvate, making it difficult to assess metabolic flux, particularly in lesions. Denoising techniques employing rank reduction via the multidimensional extension of singular value decomposition have recently been introduced for conventional MR images, diffusion-weighted images and HP-13C metabolic imaging. Here, we investigate the use of two higher-order singular value decomposition denoising techniques on dynamic hyperpolarized 13C metabolic images acquired from patients with glioma.
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