Previous studies indicated that betel-quid chewing may cause brain functional alternations, but it cannot be distinguished with human eyes. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging as input features for machine learning to classify betel-quid chewers, alcohol- and tobacco-user controls, and healthy control.The results showed that logistic regression has a significant performance on identifying betel-quid chewers. The major advantage to this study is providing a 3D-autoencoder model and machine learning algorithm that can be used to discover the brain alternations in betel-quid chewers for clinical use in the future.
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