This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) for in exploring the pathological mechanism of cognitive impairment in RI compared to DTI. We evaluated the differences of all diffusion parameters between patients with and without cognitive decline confirmed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, as well as the correlation between diffusion maps and cognitive decline. Results demonstrated that NODDI was more sensitive than DTI in detecting cognitive decline in patients with radiation-induced brain injury. Cognitive decline in radiation-induced brain injury was associated with the reduction of neurite density
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