O2-inhalation T2*-BOLD MRI is a non-invasive imaging techniqueto evaluate renal oxygenation. This analysis revealed that renal hypoxia is strongly associated with renal dysfunction, and that early left ventricular remodeling in cardiomyopathy leads to renal hypoxia. This renal hypoxia image helps clarify chronic cardiorenal interaction and the effects of drugs for cardiorenal disease.
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