We evaluated the relationship between imaging biomarker by GMV changes and blood biomarkers by plasma levels of HO-1, PPIA, and IRE1 in the groups of cognitively normal (CN), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD participants. Our study demonstrates that subjects with AD have lower circulating levels of HO-1 than subjects with MCI and the plasma HO-1 levels were positively associated with the global GMV. Considering the potential roles of each enzyme in pathogenesis of AD, the plasma circulating levels of these enzymes possibly reflect the pathological changes of the brain in AD and would be candidates for blood-based biomarkers.
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