Few neuroimaging studies have focused on HIV-1 clade C infection (HIV-1C) which comprises approximately half the global HIV population. In this work, we use a free-water eliminated diffusion tensor imaging (FWE-DTI) data processing approach to determine the extent of micro-structural brain damage in drug-naïve HIV-1C subjects. Our results show white matter (WM) structural abnormalities among HIV-1C subjects, manifested by increases in free water volume throughout the brain and reduced FWE fractional anisotropy (FWE-FA) along WM tracts. Our FWE-DTI approach provides an improved method for more accurate measures of brain abnormalities due to neuro-inflammation in HIV and other infections.
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