Direct measurement of ATP hydrolysis (ATP-->Pi) were elusive in the in vivo myocardium because the level of Pi in the heart is low and the peak attributed to Pi overlaps with the much larger peak for 2,3-disphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG). We have demonstrated an approach to measure ATP utilization rate indirectly by measuring total ATP utilization and subtracting out the measurable component that can be attributed to ATP flux via CK. The technique was applied in swine and human hearts at 7T. This method can facilitate important insights into biological mechanisms of impaired bioenergetics in myocardium.
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