NMR based stable isotope resolved metabolomics was used for the metabolic characterization of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and their derived tissue slice cultures (TSCs). Targeted metabolomics and [U-13C] glucose-labeling studies indicate metabolic heterogeneity among PDXs of various pathologic and clinical stages. Both PDXs and TSCs exhibit high glycolytic rate and low TCA activity characteristic of RCC. However, there is variability in glycolytic rate and TCA activity among different PDXs and their corresponding TSCs.
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