The accuracy of the quantification of axon radii in vivo using diffusion MRI has been promoted in recent years by hardware developments and novel biophysical modeling insights. The MR-derived effective radii are in good quantitative agreement with histology if one accounts for the intrinsic bias of diffusion MRI to larger axons. In this work, we show that the translation of MR axon diameter mapping to human neuroimaging is possible within acceptable scan times if strong diffusion-weighting gradients are available. Indeed, we demonstrate that the MR-derived effective axon radii is a reproducible and sensitive metric, with interesting inter- and along-tract variability.
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