Neurofilaments, particularly the light subunit (NfL), have become a biomarker of interest in multiple sclerosis (MS) and can be measured in blood serum after neuronal damage. NfL has been studied in MS prognosis and treatment monitoring, but little is known about the relationship between NfL and advanced quantitative MRI measures. This exploratory study characterizes the relationship between NfL and myelin water fraction and diffusion measures in different brain regions through regression models. We found NfL to correlate with myelin and axonal damage measures in the whole brain and normal appearing white matter but only to myelin water fraction in lesions.
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