The haemodynamic response to neuronal activity measured by BOLD-fMRI exhibits substantial trial-by-trial variability, but the underlying sources remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether single-trial BOLD responses were modulated by cardiac and respiratory cycles, by recording the BOLD responses to single trials of brief visual stimulation using an ultrafast acquisition (TR=0.4s) at ultrahighfield (7T). We found that, when binning trials according to the respiratory phase, the BOLD responses were more similar to each other when occurring up to 1sec following expiration. Our results suggest that trial-by-trial variability of BOLD responses may partly be explained by the respiratory cycle.
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