This study demonstrated the feasibility of using hyperoxia and transient hypoxia gas challenges in conjunction with spin- and gradient-echo (SAGE) MRI to estimate vessel size index (VSI). Hypoxia yielded an average VSI of 14μm within acceptable range for healthy tissue, whereas hyperoxia severely underestimated vessel sizes. Test-retest in two patients demonstrated repeatability of hypoxia-VSI. Future work to optimize the acquisition and cross-validate against other VSI methodologies is required to assess the diagnostic value of this technique.
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