In this study, we developed an absolute pH mapping method based on endogenous amide CEST-MRI which simultaneously compensates for concentration changes, the semi-solid magnetization transfer, and spillover dilution. This was realized by a ratiometric approach of two different B1 in combination with the inverse metric and polynomial Lorentzian-fitting of the amide signal. Compensation for concomitant effects was theoretically demonstrated in simulations and verified experimentally in protein model solutions and porcine brain lysates. Consequently, amide signal-based absolute pH mapping is now in principle also reliably applicable for tumor imaging which was previously prevented by the concomitant effects.
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