We have established and validated a concurrent TMS/fMRI setup to study target engagement of TMS-treatment during stimulation. The proposed marker for target engagement is a change in anti-correlation of the sgACC to the DLPFC. The direct sgACC effect due to DLPFC stimulation can only be observed by concurrent fMRI. We could show that TMS treatment over the left DLPFC leads to lasting effects in RS connectivity and importantly overlap with acute BOLD response during stimulation. We conclude that concurrent TMS/fMRI can be used to investigate efficacy of treatment and thereby propose a translation into clinical medicine.
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