This study aimed to compare the performance of the novel camera-based respiratory navigation sensor (VitalEye) in retrospective respiratory binned Cartesian 4D flow MRI to conventional liver navigator and self-gating. Analyzed were the cross-correlation of the respiratory signals, peak flow rate error compared to 2D flow and the image quality in terms of edge sharpness of the liver/diaphragm border and signal-to-noise ratio. The novel camera-based respiratory navigation sensor VitalEye performed as good as conventional liver navigator and self-gating. Respiratory signal, flow rate error, and image quality showed no significant difference, but VitalEye has the advantage of a 10-times higher sampling frequency.
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