Estimation of microscopic fractional anisotropy (μFA) using multidimensional diffusion MRI is a promising novel method for characterising clinically relevant microstructural properties of neural tissue. In this study, three commonly used methods for calculating μFA were compared by imaging a fibre phantom and healthy volunteers. Statistically significant differences were observed in accuracy and precision of the μFA estimates calculated using the covariance tensor model, the gamma distributed diffusivities model, and the direct regression approach. The differences between the methods have to be carefully considered when this promising new metric is applied in characterising microstructural properties of tissue or pathologies.
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