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Abstract #0627

Myelin-specific imaging using synchrotron X-ray scattering and comparison to MRI myelin-sensitive methods and histology

Marios Georgiadis1,2,3, Els Fieremans2, Aileen Schroeter3, Manuel Guizar-Sicairos4, Zirui Gao4, Aleezah Balolia5, Piotr Walczak6,7, Lin Yang8, Gergely David9, Jiangyang Zhang2, Dmitry S. Novikov10, Markus Rudin3,11, and Michael Zeineh1
1Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, 3Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 4Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland, 5Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, United States, 6Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, 7Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, 8National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States, 9Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 10Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, 11Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Axonal myelination is an important indicator of brain development and is implicated in many neurologic diseases. However, MRI methods to probe myelin are sensitive but not specific. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) produces signal specific to myelin’s nanostructural periodicity. Here we apply the recently developed SAXS tensor tomography (SAXS-TT) to non-invasively retrieve myelin levels in mouse brains, and compare them to myelin-sensitive MRI methods. We demonstrate SAXS-TT myelin specificity i) using myelin histology, ii) on a dysmyelination model and iii) by selectively probing central and peripheral nervous system myelin. We propose SAXS-TT as quantitative tomographic method for validating MRI myelin-sensitive sequences.

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