Standard ECG-gated, breath-held cardiac cine MRI often produces poor image quality in patients with a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) due to off-resonance effects, high prevalence of arrhythmia, and/or difficulty in breath-holding. This study seeks to develop a 16-fold accelerated, free-breathing cine MRI pulse sequence using a combination of a gradient echo readout, compressed sensing, and optimal Cartesian k-space sampling. The results from this study shows that an optimal k-space sampling scheme produces superior results compared to random and Poisson disc k-space sampling patterns in imaging phantoms and patients.
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