Cardiac pulsation and respiration have significant contributions to the BOLD signal. This is particularly challenging given the long TRs typically used in BOLD experiments since these fluctuations are at higher frequency than the sampling rate and therefore aliased to lower frequency components. This study presents a new voxel-specific method accounting for the physiological effects in BOLD time series signal. We show that this approach is able to improve the estimation of physiological effects compared to the widely used RETROICOR method.
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