This study was to investigate the white matter microstructural abnormalities and the relationship between white matter alterations and cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Patients with CADASIL showed significant extensive reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA), and increases in axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), mean diffusivity (MD) compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, these white matter microstructural alterations were significantly correlated with Cognitive scores, and Stroke scale scores. It indicated that damage of white matter play an important role in cognition impairment in CADASIL
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