A novel, data-driven analysis framework was proposed to characterize the spatial variation of brain function. This framework utilizes the concept of a functional hierarchy and encapsulates the spatiotemporal variations of brain functional domains from its associated high-order intrinsic connectivity networks. The results show spatial fluidity behavior of functional domains, including a broad spectrum of changes in regional associations from strong coupling to complete decoupling. Interestingly, such spatial variations drive the interactions between functional domains, showing concurrent evaluation in time. Our results further highlight that the captured spatial dynamics can serve as potential biomarkers for patients with schizophrenia.
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