To develop a novel MRI approach for the non-invasive assessment of hypoxia and neovascularization in benign and malignant breast tumors and to provide insights into the intratumoral heterogeneity of breast cancer. 76 patients with a BI-RADS 4/5 lesion underwent 3T MRI of the breast with Vascular Architecture Mapping (and quantitative Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (qBOLD) imaging. Our approach demonstrated that breast cancer consumes more oxygen and is more hypoxic and neovascularized than benign tumors. This non-invasive approach can be easily integrated in a diagnostic MRI protocol and has the potential to improve tumor characterization and facilitate tailored breast cancer treatment.
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