Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is gaining momentum both in the research community and in the general public as an attractive tool for neuromodulation. However, the mechanism of tDCS in the brain is not fully understood. In this study, we conducted a concurrent tDCS–magnetic resonance current density imaging (MRCDI) experiment to measure the primary direction and magnitude of current in a human brain undergoing direct current stimulation. Our results show that current flow deviates significantly from its desired distribution based on human head models and that the current mostly flows through the white matter and cerebrospinal fluid.
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