This work presents a new approach to mapping the fraction and spatial distribution of large axons (d>3μm) across white matter (WM) in the living human brain. By collecting high b-value (b=8000 s/mm2) diffusion MRI data at two diffusion times on a Connectome scanner, we were able to generate a new contrast specific to the characteristic signal decay of large axons at different diffusion times. Using this approach, we were able to identify and discriminate consistently some of the major WM pathways expected to carry the largest axons within the human brain. WM characterisation using TDR can offer important and practical clinical applications.
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