White matter as the substrate of connectivity plays a critical role in brain evolution. However, the comprehensive tract-level comparison in morphology and microstructure between all common macaque and human white matter tracts has not been delineated. We aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the tract-level microstructure and 3D pathways of corresponding white matter tracts between macaque and human brain using DTI measurements and tractography. Macaque white matter tract skeleton was obtained and comparison was conducted in five categorized tract groups. The differences are most prominent in association tracts with more extensive pathways and higher microstructural integrity in human brain association tracts.
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