Three-line navigator correction of Nyquist ghosts in spin-echo echo-planar imaging (SE-EPI) diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) often fails in body imaging. Several alternative strategies have been proposed including referenceless methods, which do not require any type of reference information but instead minimize a cost function based on the data itself. The purpose of this work is to assess ghost correction of undersampled (R=3) breast DWI using several referenceless methods, including minimization of SVD in k-space, image entropy, a ghost/object ratio of the image, and a combination. All four referenceless strategies outperform the standard navigator correction, providing higher quality images and unbiased ADC maps.
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