Preliminary study of evaluating Intrarenal Oxygenation in Iodinated Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney- Injured pig models by BOLD MRI

Iodinated contrast agent (CA) is important for many radiologic and interventional procedures. However, contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) is potentially life-threatening, especially for patients with impaired renal function, and it has become one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI)^[1] . The pathogenesis of CIAKI is not yet fully understood, but the relevance of renal medullary hypoxia in the pathophysiology of AKI is well accepted. In recent years, many studies focused on the change of intrarenal oxygenation and showed renal hypoxia especially in medulla. Blood oxygen level dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) is a noninvasive method that can assess hypoxia by utilizing the endogenous contrast generated by paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin^[2] .