One major issue of in situ bioprinting is related to cell pattern imaging in vivo. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) associated with Micron-sized superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (MPIO) particles constitutes a non-invasive method for tracking cells in vivo. In this study, optimal MPIO concentrations for tracking bioprinted cells were determined. Cell densities of patterns and MRI signals were correlated. MRI was used to track cell patterns in vitro and post-mortem, after in situ bioprinting onto a mouse calvaria defect. Results indicate that MRI combined with MPIO cell labeling is a valuable technique to track bioprinted cells with sufficient precision.
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