In this study, we explored resting state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities of the main cognitive networks of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and their correlation with cognitive impairment (CI). We found increased RS FC in the default mode, salience and working memory networks in cognitively preserved NMOSD, and decreased RS FC in the default mode and working memory networks in CI NMOSD. Increased RS FC seems to contribute to a better cognitive performance, probably reflecting an adaptive mechanism. Conversely, reduced RS FC is likely to be a maladaptive mechanism associated with impaired cognitive functions.
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