Our prior proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) studies in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected macaques reported higher brain choline and myo-inositol levels at 2 weeks post-infection, suggestive of ongoing inflammation. As brain inflammation has been associated with brain hyperthermia, we used Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Thermometry retrospectively to determine whether SIV infection increases brain temperature. At 2 weeks post-infection, we detected increased brain temperature in the frontal and parietal cortex, basal ganglia, and in white matter, relative to pre-infection temperatures. Brain temperatures were strongly correlated with choline levels, suggesting that SIV transiently increases brain temperature by increasing brain inflammation.
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