The definition of benign multiple sclerosis (BMS) is based on long disease duration and low level of disability, without considering cognitive deficits. Aim of the study was to apply voxel-wise methods to investigate whether cognitive dysfunction in BMS patients is associated with specific patterns of regional damage in the brain gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM). High-resolution T1-weighted and diffusion tensor MRI scans were acquired from 50 healthy controls and 38 BMS patients, 42% of which were classified as cognitively impaired. Distinct regional patterns of abnormalities, functionally relevant for cognitive processing, were associated with cognitive impairment in BMS patients.
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