Examinations of 36 first-episode, treatment-naive pediatric OCD patients without any comorbidities and 37 matched healthy controls (HCs) were performed with 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) following Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration using Exponentiated Lie algebra (DARTEL) was used to conduct voxel-wise tests for group differences in regional gray matter volume (GMV). Compared to HCs, the patient group exhibited significantly different GMV in bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left fusiform gyrus and the left postcentral gyrus. It is believed that this noninvasive method might be useful for exploring the pathophysiology of OCD.
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